(after Curcio, Sloan, Kalina & Hendrickson, 1990, Table 4).
Study |
Age |
Density* (cones/mm2) |
Spacing* (µm) |
Acuity# (cycles/deg) |
| Østerberg (1935) | 16 |
147,000 |
2.8 |
58.1 |
| Hartridge(1950) | n.a. |
127,000 |
3.0 |
54.3 |
| O'Brien (1951) | n.a. |
218,300 |
2.3 |
70.8 |
n.a. |
288,600 |
2.0 |
81.4 |
|
| Miller (1979) | 26 |
128,000 |
3.0 |
54.3 |
| Yuodelis & Hendrickson (1986) | 37 |
208,200 |
2.4 |
67.8 |
72 |
119,900 |
3.1 |
52.5 |
|
| Farber et al. (1985) | 71 |
49,600 |
4.8 |
33.9 |
| Ahnelt et al.( 1987) | 47 |
238,000 |
2.2 |
74.0 |
72 |
178,000 |
2.6 |
62.6 |
|
| Curcio et al. (1990) | 44 |
311,000 |
1.9 |
84.5 |
27 |
98,200 |
3.4 |
47.5 |
|
35 |
120,000 |
3.1 |
52.5 |
|
34 |
181,800 |
2.5 |
64.6 |
|
35-L+ |
166,300 |
2.6 |
61.8 |
|
35-R+ |
190,300 |
2.5 |
66.1 |
|
36 |
324,100 |
1.9 |
86.3 |
|
| 32 |
181,000 |
2.5 |
64.5 |
|
| Curcio & Allen (1990) | 37 |
258,900 |
2.1 |
77.1 |
* Center-to-center spacing if available; otherwise calculated from reported density assuming triangular packing.
# The period of the highest spatial frequency grating is twice the angular substance of row-to-row spacing.
+ Fellow eyes; L - left eye; R - right eye.
Ahnelt, P.K., Kolb, H. & Pflug, R. (1987). Identification of a subtype of cone photoreceptor, likely to be blue sensitive, in the human retina. Journal of Comparative Neurology 255, 18-34.
Curcio, C.A. & Allen, K.A. (1990). Topography of ganglion cells in human retina. Journal of comparative Neurology 293, .
Curcio, C.A., Sloan, K.R., Kalina, R.E. & Hendrickson, A.E. (1990). Human photoreceptor topography. Journal of Comparative Neurology 292, 497-523.
Farber, D.B., Flannery, J.G., Lolley, R.N. & Bok, D. (1985). Distribution patterns of photoreceptors, proteins and cyclic nucleotides in the human retina. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 26, 1558-1568.
Hartridge, H. (1950). Recent advances in the physiology of vision. Philadelphia: Blakiston.
Miller, W.H. (1979). Ocular optical filtering. In: Autrum, H. (ed.), Handbook of sensory physiology, Vol VII/6A, pp. 70-143. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
O'Brien, B. (1951). Vision and resolution in the central retina. Journal of the Optical Society of America 1, 882-894.
Østerberg, G.A. (1935). Topography of the layer of rods and cones in the human retina. Acta Ophthalmologica 13 (Supplement 6) 1-97.
Yuodelis, C. & Hendrickson, A. (1986). A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the human fovea during development. Vision Research 26, 847-855.